 |
The recent climate changes have created perturbations in the geography situated below the Antarctic polar circle and produced an acceleration in the mutations of the native fauna.
A project as a collective experience will take the form of a journey to Marguerite Bay (69°14S, 68°30W). A group of friends and strangers will meet in Ushuaia, Argentina, on February 7th, 2005, to begin preparations to board the Tara, a vessel specifically designed for scientific research, which will be their home for the following month. We will sail towards a zone where islands with no name emerge and disappear without leaving a position or scale, and where an unclassified and solitary animal is reported to exist.
A new territorial declaration will be announced in the Antarctic seas, flying objects will be used for the study of the frozen land from above, and the sound of the earth’s nature and magnetic fields will be studied and broadcasted. You can follow our journey on the log below or download a complete PDF HERE.
ON BOARD
Maryse Alberti, Renaud Sabari, Xavier Veilhan, Pierre Huyghe, Francesca Grassi, Aleksandra Mir, Jay Chung, Q Takeki Maeda, Jean Christophe Subra, Pascal Grinberg.
|
|
ITINERARY
Departure from Ushuaia, Argentina, February 9th, 2005. The boat will sail from Ushuaia directly down to Marguerite Bay, situated below the Antarctic Circle. This will take between three to four days at sea. The boat will be stationed in Marguerite Bay for a week or so before making its way back up north. The light changes below the Antarctic polar circle: there is daylight 22 hours a day. At Marguerite Bay all wildlife ceases to exist and most of the landscape is mineral and icy. The boat will sail north along the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, stopping and sailing around the islands and coastlines en route, before making its way back to Ushuaia on March 2nd, 2005. |
|
|
VESSEL
Tara, ex-Seamaster, ex-Antarctica
Main Specifications:
Environmentally friendly
|
| Length |
 |
36 meters |
| Width |
10 meters |
| Hull material |
16mm and 25mm high-grade marine aluminum |
Draught
|
1.5 to 3.5 meters with fully retractable centerboards and rudders |
| Masts |
2 x 27 meters |
| Sail area |
400 sq. meters |
| Water capacity |
6000 liters |
| Autonomy |
1 year + |
| Built |
1989 |
| Capacity |
18 people |
|
CREW
Céline Ferrier, Captain
Grant Redvers, First Mate
Tifenn Kergomard, Chef
Emmanuel Durand, First Mate
Arthur Voirin, Engineer
|
 |
|
|
LOG |
|
 |
| Iceberg the lettuce |
 |
| Nasa's view from above |
 |
| German Iceberg |
 |
| Smilla and the Icebergs. By Sophia K |
 |
| Diascia 'Iceberg'. Christine Boulby photo |
 |
 |
| Embroidered Iceberg. By I.Aivazovski |
 |
| |
|
texts on Antarctica:
Chadwick, Lucy, A Journey That Was, Tate ETC, #7, London, Summer 2006.
El Diario Del Fin Del Mundo. A Journey That Wasn't, Artforum, NYC, Summer 2005.
Rawlins, Jarrod, Living and Loving 1 & 2: Aleksandra Mir and subverted Biography, E-Maj, Issue 1, Spring 2005. |
|
|
|
ICE TERMS
The following glossary provides definitions in general use for the many kinds of ice encountered at sea. The terms are based on the nomenclature established by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
Anchor ice
Submerged ice attached or anchored to the bottom, irrespective of its formation.
Bare ice
Ice without snow cover.
Brash ice
Accumulations of floating ice made up of fragments not more than 2m wide.
Close pack ice
Pack ice in which the concentration is seven-tenths to eight-tenths, composed of floes mostly in contact.
Compacted ice edge
Close, clear-cut ice edge compacted by wind or current, usually on the windward side of an area of pack ice.
Compact pack ice
Pack ice in which the concentration is ten-tenths and no water is visible.
Consolidated pack ice
Pack ice in which the concentration is ten-tenths and the floes are frozen together.
Crack
Any fracture of fast ice, consolidated ice, or a single floe that has been followed by a separation ranging from a few centimeters to 1m.
Deformed ice
A general term for ice that has been squeezed together and in places forced upwards (and downwards). Subdivisions are rafted ice, ridged ice and hummocked ice.
Diffused ice edge
Poorly defined ice edge limiting an area of dispersed ice, usually on the leeward side of ice.
Dried ice
Sea ice from the surface of which melt water has disappeared after the formation of cracks and thaw holes. During the period of drying, the surface whitens.
Fast ice
Sea ice which forms and remains fast along the coast, where it is attached to the shore, to an ice wall, to an ice front, between shoals or grounded icebergs. Vertical fluctuations may be observed during changes of sea level. Fast ice may be formed in situ (in its original place) from seawater or by freezing of drift ice of any stage to the shore. It may extend a few meters or several hundred kilometers from the coast. Fast ice may be more than one year old and may then be prefixed with the appropriate age category (second-year or multi-year). If it is thicker than about 2m above sea level, it is called an ice shelf.
Fast ice boundary
The ice boundary at any given time between fast ice and drift ice.
Fast ice edge
The demarcation at any given time between fast ice and open water.
Finger rafted ice
Type of rafted ice in which floes thrust ‘fingers’ alternately over and under the other.
First-year ice
Sea ice of not more than one winter’s growth developing from young ice. It has a thickness of from 30 centimeters to 2m and may be subdivided into thin first-year ice/white ice, medium first-year ice, or thick first-year ice.
Floating ice
Any form of ice found floating in water. The principal kinds of floating ice are lake ice, river ice and sea ice, which form by the freezing of water at the surface, and the glacier ice (ice of land origin), which is formed on land or on in an ice shelf. The concept includes ice that is stranded or grounded.
Floe
Any relatively flat piece of sea ice 20m or wider. Floes are subdivided according to horizontal extent. Giant, over 10km wide; vast, 2 to 10km wide; big, 500 to 2,000m wide; medium, 100 to 500m wide; and small, 20 to 100m wide.
Flooded ice
Sea ice that has been flooded by melt water or river water and is heavily loaded by water and wet snow.
Frazil ice
Fine spicules or plates of ice suspended in water.
Friendly ice
From the point of view of the submariner, an ice canopy containing many large skylights or other features which permit a submarine to surface. There must be more than ten such features per 30 nautical miles (56km) along the submarine’s track.
Glacier ice
Ice in, or originating from, a glacier, whether on land or floating in the sea as icebergs, berg bits or growlers.
Grease ice
A later stage of freezing than frazil ice when the crystals have coagulated to form a soupy layer on the surface. Grease ice reflects little light, giving the sea a matte appearance.
Grey (gray) ice
Young ice 10 to 15 centimeters thick. Less elastic than nilas and breaks on swell. Usually rafts under pressure.
Grey (gray)-white ice
Young ice 15 to 30 centimeters thick. Under pressure more likely to ridge than to raft.
Grounded ice
Floating ice which is aground in shoal water (see ‘stranded ice’).
Hostile ice
From the point of view of the submariner, an ice canopy containing no large skylights or other features which permit a submarine to surface.
Hummocked ice
Sea ice piled haphazardly one piece over another to form an uneven surface. When weathered, it has the appearance of smooth hillocks.
Iceberg
A massive piece of ice of greatly varying shape, protruding more than 5m above sea level, which has broken away from a glacier. May be afloat or aground. Icebergs may be described as tabular, dome-shaped, sloping, pinnacled, weathered or glacier bergs.
Ice blink
A whitish glare on low clouds above an accumulation of distant ice.
Ice bound
A harbor, inlet, etc., is said to be ice-bound when navigations by ships is prevented on account of ice, except possibly with the assistance of an icebreaker.
Ice boundary
The demarcation at any given time between fast ice and drift ice or between areas of drift ice of different concentrations (see ‘ice edge’).
Ice breccia
Ice of different stages of development frozen together.
Ice cake
Any relatively flat piece of sea ice less than 20m wide.
Ice canopy
Drift ice from the point of view of the submariner.
Ice cover
The ratio of an area of ice of any large concentration to the total area of sea surface within some large geographic locale; this locale may be global, hemispheric or prescribed by a specific oceanographic entity such as Baffin Bay, or the Barents Sea.
Ice edge
The demarcation at any given time between the open sea and sea ice of any kind, whether fast or drifting. It may be termed compacted or diffuse (see ‘ice patch’).
Ice field
Area of floating ice that is greater than 10km wide and which consists of any size of floes (see ‘ice patch’).
Ice foot
A narrow fringe of ice attached to the coast, unmoved by tides and remaining after the fast ice has moved away.
Ice-free
No sea is present. There may be some ice of land origin present (see ‘open water’).
Ice front
The vertical cliff forming the seaward face of an ice shelf or other floating glacier varying in height from 2 to 50m or more above sea level (see ‘ice wall’).
Ice island
A large piece of floating ice protruding about 5m above the sea level which has broken away from an Antarctic ice shelf, having a thickness of from 30 to 50m, and an area of from a few thousand square meters to 500 square kilometers or more. Usually characterized by a regularly undulating surface which gives it a ribbed appearance from the air.
Ice jam
An accumulation of broken river ice or sea ice caught in a narrow channel.
Ice keel
From the point of view of the submariner, a downward projecting ridge. Ice keels may extend as much as 50m below the sea level.
Ice limit
Climatological term referring to the extreme minimum or maximum extent of the ice edge in any given month or period based on observations over a number of years. Term should be preceded by minimum and maximum (see ‘mean ice edge’).
Ice massif
A variable accumulation of close or very close drift ice (pack ice) covering hundreds of square kilometers which is found in the same regions every summer.
Ice of land origin
Ice formed on land or in an ice shelf, found floating in water. The concept includes ice that is stranded or grounded.
Ice patch
An area of pack ice less than 10 kilometers wide.
Ice port
An embayment (indentation) in an ice front, often of a temporary nature, where ships can moor alongside and unload directly onto the ice shelf.
Ice rind
A brittle shiny crust of ice formed on a quiet surface by direct freezing or formation of grease ice, usually in water of low salinity. Thickness to about 5cm. Easily broken by wind or swell, commonly breaking in rectangular pieces.
Ice shelf
A floating ice sheet of considerable thickness showing 2 to 50m or more above sea level, attached to the coast. Usually of great horizontal extent and with a level or gently undulating surface. Nourished by annual snow accumulation and often also by the seaward extension of land glaciers. Limited areas may be aground. The seaward edge is termed an ice front.
Ice stream
Part of an inland ice sheet in which the ice flows more rapidly and not necessarily in the same direction as the surrounding ice. The margins are sometimes clearly marked by a change in the direction of the surface slope, but may be indistinct.
Ice under pressure
Ice in which deformation processes are actively occurring and therefore a potential impediment or danger to shipping.
Ice wall
An ice cliff forming the seaward margin of a glacier that is not afloat. An ice wall is aground, the rock basement being at or below sea level (see ‘ice front’).
Lake ice
Ice formed on lake, regardless of observed location.
Level ice
Sea ice which is unaffected by deformation.
Mean ice edge
Average position of the ice edge in any given month or period based on observation over a number of years. Other terms that may be used are the mean maximum ice edge and mean minimum ice edge (see ‘ice limit’).
Medium first-year ice
First-year ice 70 to 120 centimeters thick.
Medium ice field
An ice field 15 to 20 kilometers wide.
Multi-year ice
Old ice up to 3m or more thick that has survived at least two summers’ melt. Hummocks even smoother than in second-year ice, and the ice is almost salt-free. Color, where bare, is usually blue. Melt pattern consists of large interconnecting irregular puddles and a well-developed drainage system.
New ice
A general term for recently formed ice which includes frazil ice, grease ice, slush and shuga. These types of ice are composed of ice crystals which are only weakly frozen together (if at all) and have a definite form only while they are afloat.
Old ice
Sea ice which has survived at least one summer’s melt, thickness up to 3m or more. Most topographic features are smoother than on first-year ice. May be subdivided into second-year ice and multi-year ice.
Open ice
Floating ice in which the concentration is four-tenths to six-tenths with many leads and polynyas, and the floes are generally not in contact with each other.
Pack ice
Concentration of seven-tenths or more of drift ice (see ‘drift ice’). (The term was formally used for all ranges of concentration.)
Pancake ice
Predominantly circular pieces of ice from 30 centimeters to 3m in diameter. Up to about 10m in thickness with raised rims due to the pieces striking up against one another. It may be formed on a slight swell from grease ice, shuga or slush or as a result of the breaking of ice rind, nilas or under severe conditions of swell or waves, or grey ice. It also sometimes forms at some depth, at an interface between water bodies of physical characteristic, from where it floats to the surface. Its appearance may rapidly cover wide areas of water.
Puddle
An accumulation of melt water on ice, mainly due to the melting of snow, but in more advanced stages also to the melting of ice. Initial stage consists of patches of melted snow.
Rafted ice
Type of deformed ice formed by one piece of ice overriding another (see ‘finger-rafting’).
Ridged ice
Ice piled haphazardly one piece over another in the form of ridges or walls. Usually found in first-year ice (see ‘ridging’).
River ice
Ice formed on a river, regardless of observed location.
Rotten ice
Sea ice which has become honeycombed and which is in advances stages of disintegration.
Sea ice
Any form of ice found at sea which has originated from the freezing sea water.
Shore ice ride-up
A process by which ice is pushed ashore as a slab.
Shuga
An accumulation of spongy white ice lumps, a few centimeters wide; they are formed from grease ice or slush and sometimes from anchor ice rising to the surface.
Skylight
From the point of view of the submariner, thin places in the ice canopy, usually less than 1m thick and appearing from below as relatively light, translucent patches in dark surroundings. The under face of a skylight is normally flat. Skylights are called large if big enough for a submarine to attempt to surface through them (120m), or small if not.
Slush
Snow that is saturated and mixed with water on land or ice surfaces, or as a viscous floating mass in water after a heavy snowfall.
Stranded ice
Ice which has been floating and has been deposited on the shore by retreating high water.
Water sky
Dark streaks on the underside of low clouds, indicating the presence of water features in the vicinity of sea ice.
White ice
(See ‘thin first-year ice’/‘white ice’).
Young ice
Ice in the transition stage between nilas and first-year ice, 10 to 30 centimeters thick. May be subdivided into gray ice and gray-white ice.
Source: Sailing Directions (Planning Guide & Enroute) Antarctica, 2002, National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), Bethesda, Maryland, ISBN: 1-57785-358-X
Aleksandra Mir, South Polar Plateau, 2003
|
Release of Liability
Assumption of risk:
I, , understand that Ado Sarl is the company who is running the boat ‘Tara 5’. In consideration that Ado Sarl is allowing me the privilege of participating in this offshore sailing experience, I accept responsibility for and agree that participation will place me at risk of serious injury or death, due to surface transportation, accidents, hypothermia, various other environmental and man-made causes. I understand that I am participating in an expedition at sea, which means that this project will be unique, and in many instances with no standards to compare with. Therefore shall I have any reservations about my safety, it is my choice to decide, for me, not to participate. I freely assume exchange for the thrill and chance of crossing oceans.
Exemption and Release from Liability:
I exempt and release Ado Sarl and its employees from any liability for any loss or injury to me or my property, or my death, arising out of my participation in this journey offshore. I release Ado Sarl from any monetary loss that may occur from any change arising in the ary or element of the expedition. For any and all liability, claims, demands and/or actions or causes whatsoever arising out of any damage, loss or injury to me or my property, or my death, occurring while I am participating in this offshore sailing experience I release Ado Sarl and its employees.
I freely and voluntarily agree to all the above by signing this contract on this
day of in the year of at (location).
Expedition Member:
Name
Signature
Address
|
|
